(a) what it means and how we might best characterize it, and (b) two views of electoral.

Webwe assess the electoral impact of the 2009 uk parliamentary expenses scandal, focusing on whether mps who were implicated in the scandal retired at a higher rate or received.

Webthe chapter begins by addressing certain general issues in electoral accountability:

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Webcan legislatures provide both kinds of accountability?

By using objective measures of corruption and by exploiting within country variation in reelection incentives, we provide, to our knowledge, the first test of how.

This article offers an additional explanation for why corrupt.

Webthis study begins filling this gap in the literature by identifying the party competition dimensions that reduce political uncertainty about the menu of choices, and.

Webthis article helps one to understand why corrupt governments go unpunished and informs efforts to curb this problem.

Weba general finding is that corrupt parties and politicians get punished by voters at elections, but oftentimes not harshly enough to remove them from office.

Webunlike other electoral issues, corruption possesses some specificities that make it an issue that voters tend to believe politicians are particularly incompetent to deal with.

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